I’m trying out a new Q&A format for some questions I’ve received in the last few weeks. Let me know what you think in the comments or by emaiing me your own question to ben@upstarthr.com
Last week I got a question in the mailbag that was short and to the point.
How can we avoid paying overtime to employees?
My answer was short and sweet:
I’m pretty sure that there is a point to making overtime wages a required thing, and it's to avoid questions like this. In reality, the way to avoid paying overtime is to work people less than 40 hours a week, manage a balanced staffing plan so that you have enough floaters and part time help to fill the gaps, and closely watch your trends in customer needs and staffing to make sure they match up.
I’d like to take a deep dive into this conversation and offer some specifics, because I think it’s a common question. I’ve heard many times over the years a variation on this: why pay out extra money when you don’t have to? How can you reduce costs and help the company be more profitable? What strategic part can HR play in this discussion?
Some of the key factors in overtime (especially high usage) may not be related to the actual job duties at all. For example, I’ve often found that overtime can be attributed to performance issues on the employee or the manager side of the equation. While that might not always be the case, it does come up more often than I’d care to admit.
Additionally, if OT is an issue, then the company needs to understand what is truly driving the overtime usage. Which people, which tasks/projects, etc. Is it variable or fixed in terms of workload? The answers to those questions will tell you what to do next. Is it a performance issue? A staffing issue? A workload issue? Each piece of that puzzle contributes in some way to overtime problems, and it’s important to dig deep and find out which is actually driving the numbers.
The short answer, though, is that you can’t legally avoid paying overtime. Don’t even try. Some employers get the bright idea to “make” employees exempt/salaried to avoid overtime costs, but that can’t just happen based on a whim. Additionally, it comes with other challenges that employers often don’t want to deal with.
Often times employers want the best of both worlds: clocking in employees, watching over their shoulders, but then working them overtime without additional compensation. If you treat someone like an hourly worker you have to pay them like one. If you treat them like an exempt/salaried worker than you need to pay them like one (salary, not lording over every minute on the clock, etc.) You can’t have it both ways, and the Department of Labor would be all too happy to investigate!
[Edited to add clarification on that last sentence at Lauren’s request]
What are these “other challenges that employers often don’t want to deal with”?
@Lauren Good question! Should have been more descriptive. Often times employers want the best of both worlds: clocking in employees, watching over their shoulders, but then working them overtime without additional compensation. If you treat someone like an hourly worker you have to pay them like one. If you treat them like an exempt/salaried worker than you need to pay them like one (salary, not lording over every minute on the clock, etc.)
In the public sector, we often can’t legally work our employees more then the contracted 40 hours a week. Usually, it is a combination of poor management and low employee output that force overtime conditions for us, just like you posted. In these situations we have to be much more hands-on as managers which detracts from the overall effort.